Question

use the excerpt below that explains the system of federalism to answer the question that follows:
in a single republic, all the power surrendered by the people is submitted to the administration of a single government....in the government seperated into states of american, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct government, and then the portion allotted to each, subdivided among.... separate departments. hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. the different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controled by itself.
--james madison, federalist, no. 51, 1788
based on the excerpt, why did james madison believe that federalism is needed in government?
(1 point)
it limits governmental authority in order to avoid abuse of power.
it prevents conflict over controversial governmental policies
it provides government with a way to support the powers of the military.
it allows the government to make decision more efficiently.

Explanation:

The excerpt states that in federalism (the American system), power is divided between two governments (national and state) and then subdivided among departments. It mentions "a double security arises to the rights of the people" and "the different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself". This implies a system of checks - limiting power so that no single entity (government or its parts) can abuse power. The other options are not supported: there's no mention of preventing policy - related conflict, supporting military power, or efficiency in decision - making.

Answer:

it limits governmental authority in order to avoid abuse of power.