Question

1. in a scientific investigation, what does the term variable refer to?

• a. a factor that stays the same throughout an experiment
• b. a factor that can change during an experiment
• c. the final result of an experiment
• d. the equipment used in an experiment

1. which of the following statements about scientific theories is correct?

• a. scientific theories are just educated guesses
• b. scientific theories can never be changed
• c. scientific theories explain a wide range of observations and are supported by multiple lines of evidence
• d. scientific theories automatically become laws when enough people believe them

1. what is the difference between independent and dependent variables?

• a. independent variables are measured, while dependent variables are changed by the scientist
• b. independent variables are changed by the scientist, while dependent variables are measured
• c. independent variables are always numerical, while dependent variables are always descriptive
• d. there is no difference; the terms can be used interchangeably

1. which of the following is an example of a scientific observation?

• a. i think the chemical reaction occurred because of heat
• b. the chemical must have been contaminated
• c. the solution bubbled and turned green when heated
• d. the experiment failed because of poor technique

1. what is the purpose of peer review in scientific research?

• a. to ensure experiments are conducted quickly

Explanation:

• Question 6: In a scientific investigation, a variable is a factor that can change during an experiment. Options a is a constant, c is a result, and d is equipment.
• Question 7: Scientific theories explain a wide range of observations and are supported by multiple lines of evidence. Option a is a hypothesis, b is incorrect as theories can be refined, and d is wrong as theories and laws are different.
• Question 8: Independent variables are changed by the scientist, while dependent variables are measured. Option a has it reversed, c is not always true, and d is incorrect.
• Question 9: A scientific observation is a factual description. Option c is a direct observation. Options a, b, and d are interpretations or conclusions.
• Question 10: Peer review helps ensure the quality and validity of scientific research.

Answer:

1. b. A factor that can change during an experiment
2. c. Scientific theories explain a wide range of observations and are supported by multiple lines of evidence
3. b. Independent variables are changed by the scientist, while dependent variables are measured
4. c. The solution bubbled and turned green when heated
5. (Not fully provided in the question, but generally to ensure quality and validity of research)