Question

restoration - read the section title “restoration” on page 168

1. why was the monarchy restored after the rule of oliver cromwell and his son?
2. what changes did parliament make to ensure that the monarchy would not become absolute again?
3. how did the restoration reflect a compromise between monarchy and parliament rather than a victory for one side?

Explanation:

1. After Oliver Cromwell and his son's rule, the monarchy was restored because many people were dissatisfied with the strict Puritan - dominated republic. There was a longing for a more traditional form of government, and Charles II was seen as a figure who could bring back a sense of normalcy and stability.
2. Parliament made several changes. It passed laws such as the Habeas Corpus Act which protected the rights of individuals from arbitrary imprisonment. Also, the Bill of Rights (1689) was passed. This limited the monarch's power in areas like taxation (monarch could not levy taxes without Parliament's consent), the right to maintain a standing army (needed Parliament's approval in peacetime), and the freedom of speech in Parliament.
3. The Restoration reflected a compromise. The monarchy was restored, which was a win for the royalist side in a sense. But at the same time, Parliament had gained more power. The monarch had to work with Parliament, for example, in matters of legislation and finance. The monarch was no longer an absolute ruler, and Parliament's role was institutionalized and strengthened, showing that neither the monarchy nor Parliament had a complete victory over the other.

Answer:

1. People were dissatisfied with the republic and longed for traditional government.
2. Passed Habeas Corpus Act and Bill of Rights (1689) limiting monarch's power.
3. Monarchy restored (royalist win) but Parliament's power institutionalized (Parliamentary win).