Question

q2 chemistry: u4l3 lonic naming & formulas date: prepwork prepwork part 1: directions: draw a lewis electron-dot structure of the following atoms. in the second column, predict the charge of the ion - then name the ion form of the atom. atom neutral atom lewis diagram predicted charge of lon lon lewis structure lon name lithium* sulfur argon gallium cesium

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze Lithium

Lithium (Li) has an atomic number of 3. Its electron configuration is $1s^2 2s^1$. In the Lewis dot structure, we represent the valence electron (1 in this case) as a dot around the symbol. So the neutral atom Lewis diagram is Li with one dot. Lithium is an alkali metal, so it tends to lose its 1 valence electron to achieve a stable octet (like He). So the predicted charge is $+1$ (since it loses 1 electron, charge = proton charge - electron charge = $3 - 2 = +1$). The ion Lewis structure will have no valence electrons (since it lost the 1), so it's $Li^+$ with no dots. The ion name is lithium ion.

Step2: Analyze Sulfur

Sulfur (S) has an atomic number of 16. Electron configuration: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^4$. Valence electrons: 6. Lewis dot structure: S with 6 dots (two pairs and two single dots). Sulfur is a non - metal, it tends to gain 2 electrons to achieve a stable octet (like Ar). So the predicted charge is $-2$ (since it gains 2 electrons, charge = $16 - 18=-2$). The ion Lewis structure will have 8 valence electrons (6 + 2), so S with 8 dots (four pairs). The ion name is sulfide ion.

Step3: Analyze Argon

Argon (Ar) has an atomic number of 18. Electron configuration: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6$. It has a stable octet in its valence shell (8 electrons). So it is a noble gas and does not tend to form ions (since it is already stable). So the predicted charge is 0. The ion Lewis structure is the same as the neutral atom Lewis structure (Ar with 8 dots, four pairs). The ion name: since it doesn't form an ion, we can say argon (or it's not likely to form an ion).

Step4: Analyze Gallium

Gallium (Ga) has an atomic number of 31. Electron configuration: $[Ar] 3d^{10} 4s^2 4p^1$. Valence electrons: 3 (from $4s^2 4p^1$). Lewis dot structure: Ga with 3 dots. Gallium is a metal, it tends to lose 3 valence electrons to achieve a stable octet (like Kr). So predicted charge: $+3$ (loses 3 electrons, charge = $31 - 28 = +3$). Ion Lewis structure: $Ga^{3+}$ with no valence electrons (since it lost 3). Ion name: gallium ion.

Step5: Analyze Cesium

Cesium (Cs) has an atomic number of 55. Electron configuration: $[Xe] 6s^1$. Valence electron: 1. Lewis dot structure: Cs with one dot. Cesium is an alkali metal, tends to lose its 1 valence electron to achieve a stable octet (like Xe). Predicted charge: $+1$ (loses 1 electron, charge = $55 - 54 = +1$). Ion Lewis structure: $Cs^+$ with no dots. Ion name: cesium ion.

Answer:

Atom	Neutral Atom Lewis Diagram	Predicted Charge of Ion	Ion Lewis Structure	Ion Name
Sulfur	$\ddot{S}\:\:\cdot\cdot$	-2	$\ddot{\ddot{S}}^{2 - }$ (8 dots)	Sulfide Ion
Argon	$\ddot{Ar}\:\:\ddot{}$	0	$\ddot{Ar}\:\:\ddot{}$ (8 dots)	Argon (No Ion)
Gallium	Ga···	+3	$Ga^{3+}$ (no dots)	Gallium Ion
Cesium	Cs·	+1	$Cs^+$ (no dots)	Cesium Ion

(Note: The Lewis dot structures are represented textually here. For Lithium, the dot is on the side; for Sulfur, two pairs and two single dots initially, then 8 dots as an ion; for Argon, four pairs of dots; for Gallium, three single dots; for Cesium, one dot. The ion Lewis structures for the metal ions (Li, Ga, Cs) have no valence electrons shown as dots since they lost their valence electrons, and the sulfur ion has 8 valence electrons (four pairs) as dots.)