Question

1. place the following layers in order from most dense to least dense: asthenosphere, mantle, inner core, lithosphere, outer core, crust
2. which of the following are sources of heat in earth’s interior, either currently or early earth? (hint: there are 3 correct answers)

a.) solar heating
b.) gravity (pulling objects in for collisions forming early earth, contraction of molecu
c.) radioactive decay of radioactive elements
d.) friction (dense material falling towards center of earth, compaction of molecules
e.) open flames
9-12. label the image with the correct description of how heat and density changes t
the relationship between depth and heat as well as depth and density.
use the following terms: heat increases, heat decreases, density increases, density

Explanation:

Question 7:

Step1: Recall Earth's layer density

Earth's layers from most dense to least: Inner core (solid, highest density), outer core (liquid, high density), mantle (semi - solid), lithosphere (includes crust and upper mantle), asthenosphere (part of mantle, less rigid), crust (least dense solid layer). Wait, correction: The correct order from most dense to least dense is: inner core, outer core, mantle, lithosphere, asthenosphere, crust? No, wait, lithosphere is the rigid outer layer (crust + upper mantle), asthenosphere is below lithosphere (more ductile). Wait, the layers given: asthenosphere, mantle, inner core, lithosphere, outer core, crust. Let's list their densities: Inner core (highest, ~13g/cm³), outer core (~12g/cm³), mantle (~4.5g/cm³), lithosphere (crust + upper mantle, crust ~2.7 - 3g/cm³, upper mantle ~3.5 - 4g/cm³), asthenosphere (part of mantle, ~3.3 - 4.5g/cm³? Wait, no, the standard order from most dense to least dense for these layers: inner core, outer core, mantle, outer core? No, let's re - order:

Inner core (most dense), outer core, mantle, lithosphere, asthenosphere, crust (least dense). Wait, the layers are: asthenosphere, mantle, inner core, lithosphere, outer core, crust. Let's sort them:

1. Inner core (highest density)
2. Outer core
3. Mantle
4. Lithosphere (crust + upper mantle, density less than mantle? No, crust is less dense than mantle. Wait, lithosphere includes crust (low density) and upper mantle (higher density). Maybe the intended order is: inner core, outer core, mantle, lithosphere, asthenosphere, crust? No, asthenosphere is part of the mantle (below lithosphere), so mantle is more dense than asthenosphere? Wait, the correct order of the given layers from most dense to least dense:

Inner core (most dense), outer core, mantle, lithosphere, asthenosphere, crust (least dense). Wait, the layers are: asthenosphere, mantle, inner core, lithosphere, outer core, crust. Let's arrange them:

Inner core (most dense) > outer core > mantle > lithosphere > asthenosphere > crust (least dense). Wait, no, lithosphere is the rigid outer layer (crust + upper mantle). The crust is the least dense solid layer. The asthenosphere is below the lithosphere (part of the mantle, more ductile, density similar to mantle but maybe slightly less? Or maybe the question's layer list has a typo, but based on standard knowledge:

The correct order from most dense to least dense is: inner core, outer core, mantle, lithosphere, asthenosphere, crust. Wait, the layers given are: asthenosphere, mantle, inner core, lithosphere, outer core, crust. So we need to re - order:

Inner core (most dense), outer core, mantle, lithosphere, asthenosphere, crust (least dense).

So the order is: inner core, outer core, mantle, lithosphere, asthenosphere, crust? Wait, no, the layers are: asthenosphere, mantle, inner core, lithosphere, outer core, crust. Let's list their names and sort by density:

• Inner core: highest density
• Outer core: next
• Mantle: next
• Lithosphere (crust + upper mantle): crust is less dense than mantle, so lithosphere (with crust) is less dense than mantle? Wait, maybe the question's layer list is: asthenosphere, mantle, inner core, lithosphere, outer core, crust. So the correct order from most dense to least is:

1. Inner core
2. Outer core
3. Mantle
4. Lithosphere
5. Asthenosphere
6. Crust

Wait, but asthenosphere is part of the mantle (below lithosphere), so mantle is more dense than asthenosphere? Maybe the question considers lithosphere as more dense than asthenosphere. So the order is: inner core, outer core, mantle,…

Step1: Analyze heat sources of Earth's interior

• Solar heating: Solar energy heats the Earth's surface, not the interior (interior heat is from internal sources).
• Gravity (pulling objects in for collisions forming early Earth, contraction of molecules): During Earth's formation, gravitational attraction caused collisions of planetesimals, and the compression (contraction) due to gravity caused heating (gravitational heating). Also, the decay of radioactive elements (radioactive decay) releases heat in the interior. Friction from dense material falling towards the center (compaction of molecules) also generates heat. Open flames are not a heat source of Earth's interior.

So the correct sources are: b (gravity - related heating), c (radioactive decay), d (friction from material falling).

Step1: Recall depth - heat and depth - density relationships

• Depth and heat: As depth below Earth's surface increases, the temperature (heat) increases. This is because of the heat from radioactive decay and residual heat from Earth's formation, and pressure - related heating.
• Depth and density: As depth increases, the density of materials increases. This is due to the increasing pressure with depth, which compresses the materials, leading to higher density.

Step2: Label the image

Using the terms: "as depth increases, heat increases" and "as depth increases, density increases" to label the parts related to depth - heat and depth - density relationships.

Answer:

inner core, outer core, mantle, lithosphere, asthenosphere, crust

Question 8: