Question

1. patients in cardiogenic shock should not receive:

a. oxygen
b. positive pressure ventilation
c. als care
d. nitroglycerine

1. which of the following is a common cause of obstructive shock?

a. hemorrhage
b. infection
c. myocardial infarction
d. tension pneumothorax

1. which of the following is not a basic cause of shock?

a. poor pump function
b. blood or fluid loss
c. blood vessel dilation
d. release of norepinephrine

1. which of the following molecules is the primary carrier of oxygen in the bloodstream?

a. albumin
b. iron
c. hemoglobin
d. thyroglobulin

1. ______ develops when the heart muscle can no longer generate enough pressure to circulate the blood to all organs.

a. pump failure
b. cardiogenic shock
c. a myocardial infarction
d. congestive heart failure

Explanation:

• Question 5: Nitroglycerine can further reduce blood pressure in cardiogenic shock patients (already have low cardiac output and potential low blood pressure issues), so they should not receive it.
• Question 6: Tension pneumothorax can obstruct blood flow (e.g., compress the heart and great vessels), causing obstructive shock. Hemorrhage is hypovolemic shock cause, infection is septic (distributive) shock cause, myocardial infarction is more related to cardiogenic shock.
• Question 7: Release of norepinephrine is a compensatory mechanism (e.g., in shock, body tries to constrict vessels etc. to maintain perfusion), not a basic cause of shock. Poor pump function (cardiogenic), blood/fluid loss (hypovolemic), blood vessel dilation (distributive) are basic causes.
• Question 8: Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it in the bloodstream. Albumin is mainly for maintaining oncotic pressure etc., iron is part of hemoglobin but not the carrier molecule itself, thyroglobulin is related to thyroid hormone synthesis.
• Question 9: Cardiogenic shock is when the heart (as a pump) fails to generate enough pressure to circulate blood to all organs. Pump failure is a more general term (could be part of other conditions too), myocardial infarction can lead to cardiogenic shock but is not the definition here, congestive heart failure is a chronic condition (though can have acute decompensation but not the exact term for this acute inability to pump to all organs as in shock).

Answer:

1. D. nitroglycerine
2. D. Tension pneumothorax
3. D. Release of norepinephrine
4. C. Hemoglobin
5. B. Cardiogenic shock