Question

name lucas hetzworc date extension section 4.3 use with textbook pages 202 - 203, 206 - 211. chemical reactions and chemical equations rewrite the following sentences as chemical word equations. then write the skeleton equation and balance the equation. 1. iron combines with oxygen to form rust, which is also known as iron(ii) oxide. word equation: balanced equation: 2. a solution of hydrogen chloride reacts with sodium carbonate to produce carbon dioxide, sodium chloride, and water. word equation: balanced equation: 3. when aluminum metal is exposed to oxygen, a metal oxide called aluminum oxide is formed. word equation: balanced equation: 4. water reacts with powered sodium oxide to produce a solution of sodium hydroxide. word equation: balanced equation: 5. hydrogen gas reacts with nitrogen trifluoride gas to form nitrogen gas and hydrogen fluoride. word equation: balanced equation:

Explanation:

Step1: Identify reactants and products

For each reaction, determine the substances that react (reactants) and the substances that are formed (products).

• Reaction 1: Reactants - iron (\(Fe\)), oxygen (\(O_{2}\)); Product - iron(II) oxide (\(FeO\))
• Reaction 2: Reactants - hydrogen chloride (\(HCl\)), sodium carbonate (\(Na_{2}CO_{3}\)); Products - carbon dioxide (\(CO_{2}\)), sodium chloride (\(NaCl\)), water (\(H_{2}O\))
• Reaction 3: Reactants - aluminum (\(Al\)), oxygen (\(O_{2}\)); Product - aluminum oxide (\(Al_{2}O_{3}\))
• Reaction 4: Reactants - water (\(H_{2}O\)), sodium oxide (\(Na_{2}O\)); Product - sodium hydroxide (\(NaOH\))
• Reaction 5: Reactants - hydrogen (\(H_{2}\)), nitrogen trifluoride (\(NF_{3}\)); Products - nitrogen (\(N_{2}\)), hydrogen fluoride (\(HF\))

Step2: Write word equations

A word equation shows the names of reactants and products.

• Reaction 1: Iron + Oxygen → Iron(II) oxide
• Reaction 2: Hydrogen chloride + Sodium carbonate → Carbon dioxide + Sodium chloride + Water
• Reaction 3: Aluminum + Oxygen → Aluminum oxide
• Reaction 4: Water + Sodium oxide → Sodium hydroxide
• Reaction 5: Hydrogen + Nitrogen trifluoride → Nitrogen + Hydrogen fluoride

Step3: Write skeleton equations

A skeleton equation uses chemical formulas.

• Reaction 1: \(Fe+O_{2}\to FeO\)
• Reaction 2: \(HCl + Na_{2}CO_{3}\to CO_{2}+NaCl + H_{2}O\)
• Reaction 3: \(Al+O_{2}\to Al_{2}O_{3}\)
• Reaction 4: \(H_{2}O+Na_{2}O\to NaOH\)
• Reaction 5: \(H_{2}+NF_{3}\to N_{2}+HF\)

Step4: Balance equations

Use the law of conservation of mass (atoms of each element on both sides of the equation must be equal).

• Reaction 1:
• Unbalanced: \(Fe+O_{2}\to FeO\)
• Balanced: \(2Fe + O_{2}\to 2FeO\) (2 Fe atoms and 2 O atoms on both sides)
• Reaction 2:
• Unbalanced: \(HCl + Na_{2}CO_{3}\to CO_{2}+NaCl + H_{2}O\)
• Balanced: \(2HCl+Na_{2}CO_{3}\to CO_{2}+2NaCl + H_{2}O\) (2 H, 2 Cl, 2 Na, 1 C, 3 O atoms on both sides)
• Reaction 3:
• Unbalanced: \(Al+O_{2}\to Al_{2}O_{3}\)
• Balanced: \(4Al + 3O_{2}\to 2Al_{2}O_{3}\) (4 Al and 6 O atoms on both sides)
• Reaction 4:
• Unbalanced: \(H_{2}O+Na_{2}O\to NaOH\)
• Balanced: \(H_{2}O+Na_{2}O\to 2NaOH\) (2 Na, 2 O, 2 H atoms on both sides)
• Reaction 5:
• Unbalanced: \(H_{2}+NF_{3}\to N_{2}+HF\)
• Balanced: \(3H_{2}+2NF_{3}\to N_{2}+6HF\) (6 H, 2 N, 6 F atoms on both sides)

Answer:

1. Word equation: Iron + Oxygen → Iron(II) oxide; Balanced equation: \(2Fe + O_{2}\to 2FeO\)
2. Word equation: Hydrogen chloride + Sodium carbonate → Carbon dioxide + Sodium chloride + Water; Balanced equation: \(2HCl+Na_{2}CO_{3}\to CO_{2}+2NaCl + H_{2}O\)
3. Word equation: Aluminum + Oxygen → Aluminum oxide; Balanced equation: \(4Al + 3O_{2}\to 2Al_{2}O_{3}\)
4. Word equation: Water + Sodium oxide → Sodium hydroxide; Balanced equation: \(H_{2}O+Na_{2}O\to 2NaOH\)
5. Word equation: Hydrogen + Nitrogen trifluoride → Nitrogen + Hydrogen fluoride; Balanced equation: \(3H_{2}+2NF_{3}\to N_{2}+6HF\)