Question

1 multiple choice 1 point
how are ionization energy and electron affinity related to each other?
they are the same.
one involves electrons and the other involves protons.
they were invented by the same scientist.
they are the opposites.

2 true or false 1 point
it requires more energy to remove an electron from magnesium than it does to remove an electron from aluminum.
true
false

3 true or false 1 point
the energy needed to take away an electron from a non - bonded ground state atom or ion is first ionization energy.
true
false

Explanation:

Question 1 (Multiple Choice)

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom, while electron affinity is the energy change when an atom gains an electron. So they are opposite processes. The first option is wrong as they aren't the same. The second is wrong as both involve electrons. The third is wrong as different scientists contributed. The fourth is correct as one is removing (ionization) and the other is gaining (electron affinity), so opposites.

Magnesium has an electron configuration of \( [Ne] 3s^2 \), and aluminum has \( [Ne] 3s^2 3p^1 \). The 3p electron in aluminum is in a higher energy level and is less tightly held than the 3s electrons in magnesium. So it takes more energy to remove an electron from magnesium (since its electrons are more stable in the filled 3s orbital) than from aluminum. So the statement is True.

First ionization energy is defined as the energy required to remove the outermost (valence) electron from a neutral, gaseous, non - bonded, ground - state atom. If we are removing an electron from an ion, it's not first ionization energy (e.g., second ionization energy is for removing from a +1 ion). So the statement is incorrect as it includes ions, while first ionization energy is for neutral atoms.

Answer:

D. They are the opposites.

Question 2 (True or False)