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### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
Pseudoscientific claims lack empirical evidence. The website’s claim has no data/studies to support it, so it’s pseudoscientific.
# Answer:
Pseudoscientific. Reasoning: Scientific claims require evidence (data/studies), but this claim has none.

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Science is iterative and adaptive. New data can contradict old hypotheses, so scientists revise them to align with evidence, showing science is self - correcting.
# Answer:
It shows science is self - correcting and adaptive. New data can lead to hypothesis revision to match evidence, emphasizing science’s iterative nature.

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
A graph (like a line graph) can show the relationship between light conditions (independent variable) and plant growth (dependent variable). It visualizes trends in growth under different light.
# Answer:
A line graph (or bar graph) could be used. A line graph is good for showing how plant growth (y - axis) changes with different light conditions (x - axis), highlighting trends.

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
When heated, gas molecules in the balloon gain kinetic energy, move faster, and collide more with the balloon walls. This increases pressure inside, causing the balloon (elastic) to expand as the gas pushes outward.
# Answer:
Heating the balloon increases the kinetic energy of the gas molecules inside. They move faster, collide more forcefully with the balloon walls, increasing internal pressure. The elastic balloon expands as the gas pushes it outward.

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
Cooling water vapor reduces the kinetic energy of its molecules. They slow down, come closer together, and intermolecular forces (like hydrogen bonds in water) can hold them in a liquid state, so they condense.
# Answer:
Cooling lowers the kinetic energy of water vapor molecules. They slow down, move closer, and intermolecular forces (e.g., hydrogen bonding in water) cause them to cluster into a liquid, resulting in condensation.

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
Rusting involves iron reacting with oxygen and water to form iron oxide (rust), a new substance. Chemical changes produce new substances, while physical changes don’t. So rusting is a chemical change.
# Answer:
Chemical change. Explanation: Rusting forms iron oxide (a new substance) from iron, oxygen, and water, which is a chemical reaction (new substance = chemical change).

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
Flammability describes a substance’s ability to undergo combustion (a chemical reaction with oxygen to produce new substances like CO₂, H₂O). Chemical properties relate to how a substance reacts chemically, so flammability is a chemical property.
# Answer:
Flammability is a chemical property because it describes a substance’s ability to undergo combustion (a chemical reaction) to form new substances (e.g., burning wood forms CO₂, ash).

### Question 10
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Recall the Law of Conservation of Mass
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that in a chemical reaction, the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.
## Step 2: Identify Reactants and Their Masses
The reactants are 10 g of baking soda and 10 g of vinegar. So the total mass of reactants is $10\ 	ext{g}+ 10\ 	ext{g}=20\ 	ext{g}$.
## Step 3: Apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
Since mass is conserved in the reaction (assuming no gas escapes, but even if gas escapes, the total mass of all products (including gas) would equal the reactant mass. Here, we assume the reaction is in a closed system or we consider all products. So the total mass of products is equal to the total mass of reactants.
# Answer:
$20\ 	ext{g}$

### Question 11
# Brief Explanations:
Hot tea has higher - kinetic - energy water molecules. These molecules move faster, collide more with sugar particles, breaking them apart (dissolving) faster. Higher temperature increases the rate of dissolution.
# Answer:
Hot tea has higher - temperature water. Its molecules have more kinetic energy, move faster, and collide more frequently with sugar particles. This breaks sugar into smaller pieces (or ions) faster, increasing the dissolution rate.

### Question 12
# Brief Explanations:
- Vinegar contains acetic acid, so it’s an acid.
- Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is a base (it can accept $H^+$ ions, e.g., in reactions with acids).
- Table salt (sodium chloride) is a salt, formed from the reaction of an acid (HCl) and a base (NaOH).
# Answer:
- Vinegar: Acid (contains acetic acid).
- Baking soda: Base (sodium bicarbonate, acts as a base in reactions).
- Table salt: Salt (sodium chloride, formed from acid - base neutralization).

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