Question

fill in the blank.
the______is the probability of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the one representing the sample data,
assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

a. sample proportion
b. p - value
c. critical value
d. level of significance

Explanation:

• Sample proportion: It is the proportion of a particular characteristic in a sample, not related to the probability of a test statistic under the null hypothesis.
• P - value: By definition, the p - value is the probability of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the one representing the sample data, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.
• Critical value: It is a value that is compared with the test statistic to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis. It is not a probability in the context described.
• Level of significance: It is a pre - determined threshold (e.g., 0.05) used to make a decision about rejecting the null hypothesis. It is not the probability of the test statistic as described.

Answer:

B. p - value