Question

1. fill in the best answer for each of the following:

a) a vertical column on the periodic table is called a _.
b) the periodic table was first arranged by the scientist _.
c) the elements in the periodic table are presently arranged in order of increasing _.
d) the _ says that when the elements of the periodic table are arranged in order or increasing atomic number there are periodic patterns in their physical and chemical properties.
e) all the elements in group 17 will have a _ configuration in their outermost energy level.
f) group 1 is also known as the _ metals.
g) the 2 rows on the bottom of the periodic table are also known as the _ block.
h) all the elements in group _ have an electron configuration that ends in p².
i) the d block elements are also known as the _ _.
j) the elements in group 12 have a _ electron configuration.
k) an atom with a positive or negative charge is called an _. it becomes charged when it loses or gains _.
l) the size of an atom is due mainly to the number of occupied _ that the atom has.
m) as you move across a period from left to right, the size of an atom will _. this is due to the increased number of _ that the atoms have as you move to the right.
n) as you move down a group, the size of the atoms will _ due to a greater number of _ as you move down the group.
o) the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from an atom is called the _.
p) the amount of energy required to remove a second or third electron from an atom is always _ than the amount of energy required to remove the first electron.

Explanation:

• a) Vertical columns in the periodic table are called groups or families.
• b) Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with first arranging the periodic table.
• c) Currently, elements are arranged by increasing atomic number.
• d) The periodic law describes the periodic patterns in properties.
• e) Group 17 (halogens) have \(ns^{2}np^{5}\) in the outermost energy level.
• f) Group 1 is the alkali metals.
• g) The bottom 2 rows are the f - block (lanthanides and actinides).
• h) Group 16 has electron configuration ending in \(p^{4}\) (assuming a correction if it was a typo, if we consider the general p - block electron configuration rules, for a configuration ending in \(p^{2}\), it's group 14 (\(ns^{2}np^{2}\))).
• i) d - block elements are transition metals.
• j) Group 12 has \(ns^{2}nd^{10}\) electron configuration.
• k) An atom with charge is an ion, charged by losing/gaining electrons.
• l) Atom size is due to occupied energy levels (electron shells).
• m) Across a period, atom size decreases due to increased protons (nuclear charge).
• n) Down a group, atom size increases due to more energy levels.
• o) Energy to remove the most loosely held electron is ionization energy.
• p) Removing second/third electron requires more energy than the first.

Answer:

a) group (or family)
b) Dmitri Mendeleev
c) atomic number
d) periodic law
e) \(ns^{2}np^{5}\)
f) alkali
g) f
h) 14 (if considering \(ns^{2}np^{2}\) configuration)
i) transition metals
j) \(ns^{2}nd^{10}\)
k) ion; electrons
l) energy levels (electron shells)
m) decrease; protons (nuclear charge)
n) increase; energy levels
o) ionization energy
p) more