Question

1. explain the difference between temperature and heat.
2. identify three ways in which hydrogen bonds give water its unique chemical properties.
3. determine which is denser, ocean water at the equator or ocean water at the north pole? explain your reasoning.

Explanation:

1. Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between substances due to a temperature difference.
2. Hydrogen bonds in water give it high surface tension (allows insects to walk on water), high specific heat capacity (moderates temperature changes), and a lower density in solid form (ice floats on water).
3. Ocean water at the North Pole is denser. Cold water (at the North Pole) is denser than warm water (at the Equator) because as water cools, its molecules slow down and get closer together, increasing density. Also, polar water may have more dissolved salts (from ice formation processes that exclude salt) which further increases density.

Answer:

1. Temperature is about particle kinetic energy; heat is thermal energy transfer.
2. High surface tension, high specific heat, lower - density solid.
3. Ocean water at the North Pole is denser. Cold water is denser (molecules closer), and possible higher salinity.