Question

in each of the molecules drawn below one chemical bond is colored red. decide whether this bond is likely to be polar or not. if the bond is likely to be polar, write down the chemical symbol for the atom which will have more negative charge.

the highlighted bond is polar and
the more negative atom is
the highlighted bond is nonpolar.

the highlighted bond is polar and
the more negative atom is
the highlighted bond is nonpolar.

the highlighted bond is polar and
the more negative atom is
the highlighted bond is nonpolar.

Explanation:

Step1: Determine polarity based on electronegativity difference

Electronegativity values: \( Cl = 3.16\), \( F=3.98\), \( H = 2.20\), \( N=3.04\), \( O = 3.44\), \( C=2.55\). For \( Cl - F\): \(\Delta EN=3.98 - 3.16=0.82>0\). For \( H - N\): \(\Delta EN = 3.04 - 2.20=0.84>0\). For \( O - C\) in \( O = C = O\): \(\Delta EN=3.44 - 2.55 = 0.89>0\). Since all \(\Delta EN>0\), all bonds are polar.

Step2: Identify more electronegative atom (more negative charge)

In \( Cl - F\), \( F\) is more electronegative. In \( H - N\), \( N\) is more electronegative. In \( O - C\) (in \( O = C = O\)), \( O\) is more electronegative.

Answer:

1. \( F\)
2. \( N\)
3. \( O\)