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3. this is a diagram of ammonia. this molecule has a central nitrogen a…

Question

  1. this is a diagram of ammonia. this molecule has a central nitrogen atom singly bonded to three hydrogen atoms. the nitrogen atom also has one lone pair of electrons. the shape of this molecule can be classified as _______. a) linear b) trigonal planar c) tetrahedral d) trigonal pyramidal

Explanation:

Brief Explanations

氨分子(\(NH_3\))的中心氮原子与三个氢原子单键相连,且有一对孤电子对。根据价层电子对互斥理论(VSEPR理论),价层电子对总数(成键电子对+孤电子对)为\(3 + 1 = 4\),电子对的空间构型为四面体形,但由于孤电子对的排斥作用,分子的空间构型(即原子的排布形状)为三角锥形(trigonal pyramidal)。

  • 选项A(linear,直线形):如\(CO_2\),中心原子无孤电子对且成键数为2,氨分子不符合。
  • 选项B(trigonal planar,平面三角形):如\(BF_3\),中心原子无孤电子对且成键数为3,氨分子有孤电子对,不符合。
  • 选项C(tetrahedral,四面体形):是电子对的空间构型(考虑孤电子对),而分子的空间构型(原子的排布)不是四面体形,不符合。
  • 选项D(trigonal pyramidal,三角锥形):符合氨分子的空间构型。

Answer:

D) trigonal pyramidal