Question

at the u.s. court of appeals for the ninth circuit in san francisco, a panel reviewing a city’s restrictions on short - term rentals issued a narrow ruling that partially limited the ordinance. because no previous appellate decision had addressed this kind of law, city attorneys feared the opinion would become a binding ______.
2
mark for review
which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
a) incentive
b) concession
c) formality
d) precedent

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze the context: the text is about a court ruling, and "binding" in legal terms often relates to "precedent" (a legal decision used as a guide for future cases). "Incentive" (motivation), "concession" (compromise), and "formality" (ceremonial act) don't fit the legal context of a ruling setting a binding example for future cases.

Answer:

D. precedent