Question

bohr model with ape-man practice
for each element below you will construct a bohr model using ape-man to help count the number of subatomic
particles. first, double click each red box to complete the ape-man method, then use your answers to type in the
correct number of protons and neutrons into the bohr model, and drag and drop the correct number of electrons into
the energy levels.
element: ⁴be
a=□ m □
p=□ -a -□
e=□ n=□
electrons
element: ⁸o
a=□ m □
p=□ -a -□
e=□ n=□
electrons
element: ¹⁰ne
a=□ m □
p=□ -a -□
e=□ n=□
electrons
element: ²³na
a=□ m □
p=□ -a -□
e=□ n=□
electrons

Explanation:

Step1: Recall APE-MAN

APE-MAN stands for:

• \( A \) (Atomic Mass) = \( P \) (Protons) + \( N \) (Neutrons)
• \( P \) (Protons) = \( E \) (Electrons) (in neutral atoms, since atoms are neutral)
• Atomic Number (Z) = \( P \) (Protons) (from element symbol: top left is mass, bottom left is atomic number, top right is charge, bottom right is atoms, but here for Be, O, Ne, Na—neutral, so charge 0, atomic number is bottom left or from periodic table:
• Be (Beryllium): Atomic Number \( Z = 4 \), Mass \( A = 9 \) (from \( ^9\text{Be} \))
• O (Oxygen): Atomic Number \( Z = 8 \), Mass \( A = 16 \) (from \( ^{16}\text{O} \))
• Ne (Neon): Atomic Number \( Z = 10 \), Mass \( A = 20 \) (from \( ^{20}\text{Ne} \))
• Na (Sodium): Atomic Number \( Z = 11 \), Mass \( A = 23 \) (from \( ^{23}\text{Na} \))

For \( \boldsymbol{^9\text{Be}} \):

Step2: Find Protons (\( P \))

Atomic Number \( Z = P = 4 \) (Be has Z=4).

Step3: Find Neutrons (\( N \))

Using \( A = P + N \): \( 9 = 4 + N \implies N = 9 - 4 = 5 \).

Step4: Find Electrons (\( E \))

Neutral atom: \( E = P = 4 \).

For \( \boldsymbol{^{16}\text{O}} \):

Step5: Find Protons (\( P \))

Atomic Number \( Z = P = 8 \) (O has Z=8).

Step6: Find Neutrons (\( N \))

\( A = P + N \implies 16 = 8 + N \implies N = 16 - 8 = 8 \).

Step7: Find Electrons (\( E \))

Neutral atom: \( E = P = 8 \).

For \( \boldsymbol{^{20}\text{Ne}} \):

Step8: Find Protons (\( P \))

Atomic Number \( Z = P = 10 \) (Ne has Z=10).

Step9: Find Neutrons (\( N \))

\( A = P + N \implies 20 = 10 + N \implies N = 20 - 10 = 10 \).

Step10: Find Electrons (\( E \))

Neutral atom: \( E = P = 10 \).

For \( \boldsymbol{^{23}\text{Na}} \):

Step11: Find Protons (\( P \))

Atomic Number \( Z = P = 11 \) (Na has Z=11).

Step12: Find Neutrons (\( N \))

\( A = P + N \implies 23 = 11 + N \implies N = 23 - 11 = 12 \).

Step13: Find Electrons (\( E \))

Neutral atom: \( E = P = 11 \).

Filling the Table:

• Be:

\( A = 9 \), \( P = 4 \), \( E = 4 \), \( N = 5 \) (and \( M \) is same as \( A \) here, so \( M = 9 \); \( P = A - N \implies 9 - 5 = 4 \), which matches).

• O:

\( A = 16 \), \( P = 8 \), \( E = 8 \), \( N = 8 \) ( \( 16 - 8 = 8 \), matches \( P \)).

• Ne:

\( A = 20 \), \( P = 10 \), \( E = 10 \), \( N = 10 \) ( \( 20 - 10 = 10 \), matches \( P \)).

• Na:

\( A = 23 \), \( P = 11 \), \( E = 11 \), \( N = 12 \) ( \( 23 - 11 = 12 \), matches \( P \)).

Answer:

For \( \boldsymbol{^9\text{Be}} \):

\( A = \boldsymbol{9} \), \( M = \boldsymbol{9} \), \( P = \boldsymbol{4} \), \( E = \boldsymbol{4} \), \( N = \boldsymbol{5} \) (and \( P = A - N \implies 9 - 5 = 4 \))

For \( \boldsymbol{^{16}\text{O}} \):

\( A = \boldsymbol{16} \), \( M = \boldsymbol{16} \), \( P = \boldsymbol{8} \), \( E = \boldsymbol{8} \), \( N = \boldsymbol{8} \) (and \( P = A - N \implies 16 - 8 = 8 \))

For \( \boldsymbol{^{20}\text{Ne}} \):

\( A = \boldsymbol{20} \), \( M = \boldsymbol{20} \), \( P = \boldsymbol{10} \), \( E = \boldsymbol{10} \), \( N = \boldsymbol{10} \) (and \( P = A - N \implies 20 - 10 = 10 \))

For \( \boldsymbol{^{23}\text{Na}} \):

\( A = \boldsymbol{23} \), \( M = \boldsymbol{23} \), \( P = \boldsymbol{11} \), \( E = \boldsymbol{11} \), \( N = \boldsymbol{12} \) (and \( P = A - N \implies 23 - 12 = 11 \))

(In the Bohr model, electrons:

• Be: 2 in first shell, 2 in second (4 total)
• O: 2 in first, 6 in second (8 total)
• Ne: 2 in first, 8 in second (10 total)
• Na: 2 in first, 8 in second, 1 in third (11 total))