Question

base your answers to questions 12 - 14 on the image below and on your knowledge of social studies. woodcut created in 1868 depicting machine works in a factory in chemnitz, germany 12. what invention is most responsible for the creation of workplaces such as the one shown in this woodcut? a. the steam engine b. the water wheel c. the \putting out\ system d. the assembly line 13. all of the following were effects of industrialization except a. a steady drop in life expectancy of the urban working class b. falling prices for all types of manufactured goods. c. the creation of a \middle class\ of people who could afford to buy industrially manufactured goods. d. increased urbanization as people moved to cities for factory work. 14. which statement about factory work in the 1800s is most accurate? a. it was only somewhat more efficient than pre - industrial ways of making goods. b. it was often dangerous and required long hours. c. women and children were excluded from factory work. d. it relied on small numbers of highly skilled workers.

Explanation:

• Question 12: The steam engine was crucial for the Industrial Revolution, powering factories and enabling mass - production. The water wheel was more limited in location (near water sources). The "putting out" system was a pre - industrial method. The assembly line became more prominent later (associated with Henry Ford in the early 20th century).
• Question 13: Industrialization led to some improvements in living standards over time (though initially harsh). Life expectancy did not have a steady drop for the urban working class. Falling prices for manufactured goods (due to mass production), the creation of a middle class (business owners, managers etc.), and increased urbanization (as people moved to cities for factory jobs) were all effects of industrialization.
• Question 14: Factory work in the 1800s was often dangerous (due to machinery without safety guards) and required long hours (e.g., 12 - 16 hour days). It was much more efficient than pre - industrial methods. Women and children were not excluded (they were often employed in factories). It did not rely on small numbers of highly skilled workers; unskilled and semi - skilled labor was also used.

Answer:

1. A. The steam engine
2. A. A steady drop in life expectancy of the urban working class
3. B. It was often dangerous and required long hours.