Question

atomic structure worksheet

1. name the three main subatomic particles and their respective charges:

1. identify the parts of the elements box on the periodic table using oxygen as an example below:

1. the nucleus has a — charge and consists of — and —.
2. electrons are located in the — of an atom and carry a — charge.
3. the number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atoms —, and the number of electrons determines the — of an element.
4. the atomic number tells you the number of — in one atom of an element. it also tells you the number of — in a neutral atom of that element. the atomic number gives you the \identity\ of an element as well as its location on the periodic table. no two different elements will have the — atomic number.
5. the mass number tells the total number of — and — in the nucleus of an atom.

. isotopes are atoms of the — element with different numbers of —, which results in different — numbers.
a positively charged ion is called a —. in a positively charged ion, the number of electrons is — than the number of protons.
a negatively charged ion is called a —. in a negatively charged ion, the number of electrons is — than the number of protons.
ons form because most elements want — electrons in their valence shell; this rule is called the —.

Explanation:

1. Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons have a negative charge.
2. The top number in an element's box on the periodic table is the atomic number, the letter is the element symbol, the name is the element name, and the bottom number is the atomic mass.
3. The nucleus has a positive charge and consists of protons and neutrons.
4. Electrons are located in the electron cloud (or orbitals) of an atom and carry a negative charge.
5. The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom's atomic number, and the number of electrons determines the charge of an element (in a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons; if there is a gain or loss of electrons, it forms an ion).
6. The atomic number tells you the number of protons in one atom of an element. It also tells you the number of electrons in a neutral atom of that element. The atomic number gives you the "identity" of an element as well as its location on the Periodic Table. No two different elements will have the same atomic number.
7. The mass number tells the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
8. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, which results in different mass numbers.
9. A positively charged ion is called a cation. In a positively charged ion, the number of electrons is less than the number of protons. A negatively charged ion is called an anion. In a negatively charged ion, the number of electrons is more than the number of protons.
10. Ions form because most elements want 8 electrons in their valence shell (except for some elements like hydrogen which want 2); this rule is called the octet rule.

Answer:

1.

Particle	Charge
Neutron	Neutral (0)
Electron	Negative (-1)

2.

• 8: Atomic number
• O: Element symbol
• Oxygen: Element name
• 15.9994: Atomic mass

1. Positive; protons; neutrons
2. Electron cloud (or orbitals); negative
3. Atomic number; charge
4. Protons; electrons; same
5. Protons; neutrons
6. Same; neutrons; mass
7. Cation; less; Anion; more
8. 8 (or 2 for hydrogen); octet rule