Question

assessment
lesson 1 temperature, thermal energy, and heat

1. what is the total energy of all the particles in an object called?

a. chemical energy b. thermal energy
c. potential energy d. mechanical energy

1. the temperature scale used in most of the world is the _____________
2. apply concepts how does heat flow when you place an ice cube in your hand?

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use the illustration to answer the questions below.
illustration of three containers a, b, c with thermometers: a: 100 g, 30°c; b: 200 g, 30°c; c: 200 g, 60°c

1. interpret data compare the average motion of the particles in the three containers. explain your answer.

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1. draw conclusions compare the total amount of thermal energy in containers a and b. explain your answer.

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lesson 3 the transfer of heat

1. what is the process by which heat transfers from one particle of matter to another when the particles collide?

a. conduction b. convection
c. expansion d. radiation

1. a convection current is _____________

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1. classify identify each example of heat transfer as conduction, convection, or radiation: opening the windows in a hot room; a lizard basking in the sun; putting ice on a sprained ankle.

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1. infer how can heat be transferred across empty space? explain your answer.

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1. make judgments suppose you try to heat your home using a fireplace in one of the rooms. would a fan be helpful? explain.

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1. write about it explain why a school might ask teachers to keep the windows closed and the shades down during a heat wave.

Explanation:

1. Thermal energy is defined as the total energy of all particles in an object.
2. The Celsius scale is the most widely used temperature scale globally.
3. Heat flows from higher temperature (hand) to lower temperature (ice cube).
4. Average particle motion depends on temperature: A and B have same temp (30°C) so same average motion; C has higher temp (60°C) so faster average motion.
5. Thermal energy depends on temp and mass: A and B have same temp, B has more mass (200g vs 100g) so B has more total thermal energy.
6. Conduction is heat transfer via particle collisions.
7. A convection current is the circular movement of fluid (liquid/gas) due to density changes from heating/cooling.
8. Opening windows: convection (air flow); lizard in sun: radiation (solar energy); ice on ankle: conduction (direct contact).
9. Heat transfers across empty space via radiation (electromagnetic waves, no medium needed).
10. A fan helps by circulating warm air (convection), distributing heat from the fireplace throughout the home.
11. Closing windows blocks hot outdoor air (convection); shades down reduce solar radiation, keeping indoor spaces cooler.

Answer:

1. B. thermal energy
2. Celsius scale
3. Heat flows from your hand to the ice cube.
4. A and B have the same average particle motion (same temperature); C has faster average motion (higher temperature).
5. Container B has more total thermal energy (same temperature as A, greater mass).
6. A. conduction
7. The circular movement of a fluid caused by temperature differences.
8. Opening windows: convection; lizard in sun: radiation; ice on ankle: conduction
9. Through radiation (electromagnetic waves travel without a medium).
10. Yes, a fan circulates warm air via convection to heat the home more evenly.
11. Closing windows stops hot air from entering (convection); shades block solar radiation, reducing indoor heating.