Question

analyzing consequences of nicotine on pregnancy
electronic cigarettes (also called electronic nicotine delivery systems or e - cigarettes) come in different sizes and shapes, including \pens,\ \mods\ (i.e., these types are modified by the user), and \tanks.\ most e - cigarettes contain a battery, a heating device, and a cartridge to hold liquid. the liquid typically contains nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. the battery - powered device heats the liquid in the cartridge into an aerosol that the user inhales.
although the aerosol of e - cigarettes generally has fewer harmful substances than cigarette smoke, e - cigarettes and other products containing nicotine are not safe to use during pregnancy. nicotine is a health danger for pregnant women and developing babies, and can damage a developing baby’s brain and lungs. also, some of the flavorings used in e - cigarettes may be harmful to a developing baby.
which conclusion does this passage best support?

• traditional cigarettes are less likely to cause complications during pregnancy.
• the use of e - cigarettes is a good substitute for traditional cigarettes during pregnancy.
• the flavoring in e - cigarettes is less risky for pregnant mothers than nicotine.
• neither e - cigarettes nor traditional cigarettes should be used during pregnancy.

Explanation:

• For the first option: The passage states e - cigarettes have fewer harmful substances than traditional cigarettes but still aren't safe. There's no info to say traditional cigarettes are less likely to cause complications, so this is wrong.
• For the second option: The passage says e - cigarettes (containing nicotine) are not safe during pregnancy, so they can't be a good substitute, this is wrong.
• For the third option: The passage says both nicotine and some flavorings in e - cigarettes may be harmful, so we can't conclude flavorings are less risky than nicotine, this is wrong.
• For the fourth option: The passage says e - cigarettes (with nicotine) are not safe during pregnancy and traditional cigarettes also have harmful smoke. So neither should be used during pregnancy, this is correct.

Answer:

D. Neither e - cigarettes nor traditional cigarettes should be used during pregnancy.