Question

1. as discussed in the chapter, what term is used to describe each branch of governments separate and distinct sphere of power?

limited government
separation of powers
checks and balances
separate but equal

1. according to adam smiths notion of the invisible hand, which of the following is the best way to enhance national wealth?

national wealth is best enhanced by government regulation of imports, which protect domestic industries and jobs.
national wealth is best achieved by everyone seeking his or her own self - interest.
national wealth is best enhanced by maintaining a strong military in order to protect that wealth.
national wealth is best obtained by controlled harvesting of natural resources such as oil, metals, timber, and so on.

Explanation:

• Question 20:
• Limited government: Refers to a government whose powers are restricted by law (like a constitution). It doesn't specifically focus on the separation of power among branches.
• Separation of powers: This concept divides the government into distinct branches (legislative, executive, judicial), each with its own separate and distinct sphere of power.
• Checks and balances: Deals with the ability of each branch to limit the powers of the others. It is related to but not the same as the description of separate spheres of power.
• Separate but equal: Was a legal doctrine regarding racial segregation (not related to government - branch power separation).
• Question 21:
• Adam Smith's "invisible hand" theory posits that when individuals act in their own self - interest (in a free - market economy), resources are allocated efficiently, and national wealth is enhanced.
• Government regulation of imports (protectionism) is contrary to Smith's free - market ideas.
• Maintaining a strong military for wealth protection is not the core of the "invisible hand" concept.
• Controlled harvesting of natural resources is more about resource management rather than the "invisible hand" (which is about market - driven self - interest).

Answer:

1. B. separation of powers
2. B. National wealth is best achieved by everyone seeking his or her own self - interest.