worksheet motivation, emotion, and stress unit 8
1. the premise that the body oversees and maintains its internal physiological systems at a constant, stable level. when internal conditions fall below or rise above a desired level, your brain detects this change and alerts the body to return to normal optimal range. this is called
2. what is the drive - reduction theory?
3. this is a psychological process that directs and maintains your behavior toward a goal, fueled by motives, which are needs and desires that energize your behavior. this is called
4. when you are dehydrated, through homeostasis your brain is alerted that fuel levels are low, a need for water is created, that produces the drive (thirst) that causes (motivation) you to get a drink of water, restoring homeostasis to a stable level and reducing the drive...this is called drive - theory.
fill in the blanks
5. a biological requirement
6. a psychological state of tension
7. hormone that signifies short - term satiation
8. complex, inherited behavior patterns characteristics of a species
9. are you extrinsically or intrinsically motivated to do well in this class? explain your answer.
10. write down the levels of abraham maslows hierarchy of needs (in order)
11. what happens to hunger when glucose levels drop? what does this have to do with insulin?
12. how can environmental factors affect hunger?
13. this is helping others without expecting a reward or incentive, unselfish regard for another persons well - being. what is it?
14. what is the body mass index (bmi)? according to the bmi, what is considered obese? what is considered overweight?
15. this regulates the expenditure of energy used to maintain our bodys vital functions;
how do the following affect the bmr?
a. age -
b. gender -
c. calorie intake -
d. exercise -

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
The description matches the concept of homeostasis, which is the body's ability to maintain internal stability.
# Answer:
homeostasis

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
Drive - reduction theory states that physiological needs create an aroused state (drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need, reducing the drive. For example, hunger (need) creates a drive to eat, and eating reduces the hunger drive.
# Answer:
Drive - reduction theory proposes that physiological needs (like hunger, thirst) create an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates the organism to satisfy the need, and satisfying the need reduces the drive.

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
The process of directing behavior towards a goal, fueled by motives (needs and desires), is the definition of motivation.
# Answer:
motivation

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
The scenario describes the drive - reduction theory, where a need (dehydration) creates a drive (thirst) that motivates behavior (drinking water) to reduce the drive and restore homeostasis.
# Answer:
reduction

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
A biological requirement is a need, such as the need for food, water, or oxygen for survival.
# Answer:
Need

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
A psychological state of tension, often related to unmet needs, is a drive. For example, the drive to eat when hungry creates a state of tension.
# Answer:
Drive

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
The hormone that signifies short - term satiation (feeling full) is cholecystokinin (CCK).
# Answer:
Cholecystokinin (CCK)

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
Complex, inherited behavior patterns characteristic of a species are instincts. For example, birds building nests in a specific way is an instinct.
# Answer:
Instincts

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
- If extrinsically motivated: Reasons could be wanting a good grade, praise from the teacher, or to avoid punishment. For example, "I am extrinsically motivated to do well in this class because I want to get a high grade to improve my GPA and get into a good college."
- If intrinsically motivated: Reasons could be enjoying the subject, the desire to learn, or personal growth. For example, "I am intrinsically motivated to do well in this class because I am genuinely interested in the material and enjoy learning about motivation, emotion, and stress."
# Answer:
(Example for intrinsic: "I am intrinsically motivated to do well in this class because I am genuinely interested in the topics of motivation, emotion, and stress. I enjoy learning about how the mind and body interact in these areas, and the knowledge I gain is rewarding in itself, not just for external rewards like grades.") (Example for extrinsic: "I am extrinsically motivated to do well in this class because I want to achieve a high grade. A good grade will help me maintain a strong GPA, which is important for my college applications and future career prospects.")

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
Maslow's hierarchy of needs, from the most basic to the highest, is: Physiological needs (food, water, shelter), Safety needs (security, safety), Love and belonging needs (friendship, family), Esteem needs (self - respect, recognition), Self - actualization needs (fulfilling one's potential).
# Answer:
1. Physiological Needs
2. Safety Needs
3. Love and Belonging Needs
4. Esteem Needs
5. Self - Actualization Needs

### Question 11
# Brief Explanations:
When glucose levels drop, hunger increases because the body needs energy. Insulin helps cells take in glucose. When glucose levels drop, insulin levels also drop, and the brain detects the low glucose and signals hunger.
# Answer:
When glucose levels drop, hunger increases. Insulin helps cells absorb glucose. When glucose levels drop, insulin levels decrease, and the brain perceives the low glucose as a need for energy, triggering hunger.

### Question 12
# Brief Explanations:
Environmental factors like the availability of food (e.g., seeing a lot of junk food ads can increase hunger), portion sizes (larger portions can make people eat more), and social settings (eating with others often leads to more eating) can affect hunger. For example, if you are in a room with the smell of freshly baked cookies, it can stimulate your hunger even if you aren't physiologically hungry.
# Answer:
Environmental factors can affect hunger in many ways. For example, the presence of food cues (like the smell or sight of food) can increase hunger. Social factors, such as eating with others, often lead to increased food intake. Portion sizes also matter; larger portions can make people eat more. Also, cultural norms about eating times and types of food can influence when and how much people feel hungry.

### Question 13
# Brief Explanations:
Helping others without expecting a reward, with unselfish regard for their well - being, is altruism.
# Answer:
Altruism

### Question 14
# Brief Explanations:
- BMI (Body Mass Index) is a measure calculated as weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared ($BMI=\frac{weight(kg)}{height(m)^2}$).
- A BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese.
- A BMI between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight.
# Answer:
- BMI (Body Mass Index) is calculated as $BMI = \frac{weight(kg)}{height(m)^2}$.
- A BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese.
- A BMI of 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight.

### Question 15 (First part)
# Brief Explanations:
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) regulates the energy expenditure for maintaining the body's vital functions at rest.
# Answer:
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

### Question 15 (Sub - questions)
# Brief Explanations:
- Age: As we age, BMR generally decreases because muscle mass decreases and metabolism slows.
- Gender: Men generally have a higher BMR than women because they tend to have more muscle mass.
- Calorie intake: If calorie intake is too low, BMR can decrease as the body goes into "starvation mode" to conserve energy.
- Exercise: Regular exercise, especially strength training, can increase muscle mass, which in turn increases BMR.
# Answer:
- Age: BMR decreases with age (due to muscle loss and slower metabolism).
- Gender: Men typically have a higher BMR than women (due to more muscle mass).
- Calorie intake: Low calorie intake can decrease BMR (body conserves energy).
- Exercise: Regular exercise (especially strength training) can increase BMR (increases muscle mass).

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