Question

which of the following are true about the production of human proteins using bacteria?
select all that apply
a bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce human proteins
b proteins produced are injected into people with mutations
c this method is used to create transgenic crops
d insulin was the first human protein produced this way
e cytokines are one example of human proteins produced

Explanation:

• Option a: Through genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology), genes for human proteins can be inserted into bacterial plasmids. Bacteria then transcribe and translate these genes to produce the human protein.
• Option b: For example, people with insulin - producing cell mutations (diabetes) receive insulin (a protein) produced by bacteria.
• Option d: In 1978, Genentech used E. coli to produce human insulin, which was the first human protein produced in this way.
• Option e: Some cytokines (e.g., certain interferons) can be produced by genetically engineered bacteria.
• Option c: This method is for producing proteins (using bacteria), not for creating transgenic crops (which involves inserting genes into plant cells).

Answer:

A. Bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce human proteins, B. Proteins produced are injected into people with mutations, D. Insulin was the first human protein produced this way, E. Cytokines are one example of human proteins produced.