when mendel crossed two purple - flowered pea plants with each other, he obtained a phenotypic ratio of 3:1 (purple - flowered pea plants to white - flowered pea plants). his results are consistent with which of the following sets of parents?
multiple choice
homozygous dominant purple pea plant and heterozygous white pea plant
heterozygous purple pea plant and heterozygous purple pea plant
heterozygous purple pea plant and homozygous dominant purple pea plant
heterozygous purple pea plant and homozygous recessive white pea plant
homozygous dominant purple pea plant and homozygous recessive white pea plant

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# Brief Explanations:
Let's assume the allele for purple flowers is $P$ (dominant) and for white flowers is $p$ (recessive).
- For two heterozygous purple pea plants ($Pp\times Pp$):
  - Using the Punnett square method:
    - The gametes of each $Pp$ parent are $P$ and $p$.
    - The cross $Pp\times Pp$ gives genotypes $PP:Pp:pp = 1:2:1$.
    - Since $PP$ and $Pp$ show the purple - flower phenotype (dominant) and $pp$ shows the white - flower phenotype (recessive), the phenotypic ratio is $3$ (purple) : $1$ (white).
- For a homozygous dominant purple pea plant ($PP$) and a heterozygous white pea plant ($pp$): All offspring will be $Pp$ (purple).
- For a heterozygous purple pea plant ($Pp$) and a homozygous dominant purple pea plant ($PP$): Offspring genotypes are $PP:Pp= 1:1$ (all purple).
- For a heterozygous purple pea plant ($Pp$) and a homozygous recessive white pea plant ($pp$): Genotypes $Pp:pp = 1:1$ (phenotypic ratio $1$ purple : $1$ white).
- For a homozygous dominant purple pea plant ($PP$) and a homozygous recessive white pea plant ($pp$): All offspring will be $Pp$ (purple).

# Answer:
heterozygous purple pea plant and heterozygous purple pea plant

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