Question

1. what processes make up the general life cycle of spermatophytes? select all that apply. cell respiration germination fertilization pollination

Explanation:

• Germination: It is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant, which is a crucial part of the spermatophyte life cycle.
• Pollination: Transfer of pollen grains (male gametophyte) to the female reproductive part (pistil) of the flower, an essential step before fertilization in spermatophytes.
• Fertilization: Fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote, which then develops into an embryo within the seed.
• Cell respiration is a metabolic process (common in all living cells) for energy production and is not specific to the life - cycle processes of spermatophytes.

Answer:

B. germination, C. fertilization, D. pollination