Question

1. what is nondisjunction?

• a. normal division
• b. unequal chromosome separation
• c. cell death
• d. dna replication

1. which cells are haploid?

• a. skin cells
• b. muscle cells
• c. gametes
• d. liver cells

1. which phase involves crossing over?

• a. prophase i
• b. metaphase ii
• c. telophase i
• d. anaphase ii

1. which structure forms during cytokinesis in animal cells?

• a. cell plate
• b. cleavage furrow
• c. spindle
• d. centriole

1. which sex produces four gametes per meiosis?

• a. male
• b. female
• c. both
• d. neither

1. what is the purpose of meiosis?

• a. growth
• b. repair
• c. genetic diversity
• d. protein synthesis

Explanation:

• Question 5: Nondisjunction is when chromosomes do not separate equally during cell division.
• Question 6: Gametes (sperm and egg cells) are haploid, having half the number of chromosomes of somatic cells (like skin, muscle, liver cells which are diploid).
• Question 7: Crossing - over occurs in Prophase I of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.
• Question 8: In animal cell cytokinesis, a cleavage furrow forms to divide the cell. A cell plate forms in plant cells. Spindles are involved in chromosome movement during mitosis/meiosis, and centrioles help organize the spindle.
• Question 9: In males, one meiotic division of a primary spermatocyte produces four sperm (gametes). In females, one meiotic division of a primary oocyte produces one egg (gamete) and three polar bodies (which usually degenerate).
• Question 10: The main purpose of meiosis is to create genetic diversity through processes like crossing - over and independent assortment of chromosomes. Growth and repair are functions of mitosis, and protein synthesis is a general cellular process not specific to meiosis.

Answer:

1. B. Unequal chromosome separation
2. C. Gametes
3. A. Prophase I
4. B. Cleavage furrow
5. A. Male
6. C. Genetic diversity