Question

1. what are the 3 main chemicals that make up the dna molecule? 2. what is the function of dna in organisms? 3. list the 4 nitrogen bases that make up the rungs of a dna molecule? 4. what does dna stand for? 5. how is the structure of dna like that of a spiral staircase? 6. what happens during dna replication? 7. how re the 2 new dna copies like the original dna strand?

Explanation:

1. The three main chemicals are deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen - containing base. These are the building blocks of DNA nucleotides.
2. DNA stores genetic information and is responsible for the inheritance of traits, as well as directing the synthesis of proteins through transcription and translation.
3. The four nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine.
4. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The 'deoxyribo' refers to the deoxyribose sugar, and 'nucleic acid' indicates its nature as a type of macromolecule.
5. The sides of the DNA double - helix are made of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, like the sides of a staircase. The nitrogen bases pair up and form the rungs, similar to the steps of a staircase.
6. During DNA replication, the double - helix unwinds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. Enzymes such as DNA polymerase are involved in adding nucleotides.
7. The two new DNA copies are like the original because of the base - pairing rules. Each new strand is complementary to the original strand it was copied from, ensuring genetic continuity.

Answer:

1. Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen - containing base
2. Stores genetic information and directs protein synthesis
3. Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)
4. Deoxyribonucleic acid
5. Sides are sugar - phosphate backbone, bases form rungs
6. Double - helix unwinds, each strand is a template for new strand synthesis
7. Due to base - pairing rules, new strands are complementary to original strands