Question

what kind of succession occurs when soil is already present? primary secondary

Explanation:

In ecological succession, primary succession occurs in lifeless areas with no soil (like after a volcanic eruption), while secondary succession happens in areas where soil is already present (e.g., after a forest fire or human disturbance). So when soil is present, it's secondary succession.

Answer:

secondary (the option with "secondary" text, as secondary succession occurs when soil is already present in an area, unlike primary succession which starts in soil - less, lifeless environments)