Question

1. what are the functions of the following organelles?

mitochondria =
vacoule=
nucleus=
ribosomes=

Explanation:

• Mitochondria: Known as the "powerhouse of the cell", it is responsible for producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, which provides energy for the cell's activities.
• Vacoule: In plant cells, it mainly stores water, nutrients, and waste products. It also helps in maintaining the turgor pressure of the cell, which is important for the cell's shape and rigidity. In animal cells, vacuoles are smaller and have functions like storing substances and helping in intracellular digestion.
• Nucleus: It is the control center of the cell. It contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and is responsible for regulating cell growth, metabolism, and reproduction by controlling the synthesis of proteins and other cellular activities.
• Ribosomes: They are the sites of protein synthesis. They translate the genetic information from mRNA (messenger RNA) into polypeptide chains (proteins) by linking amino acids together according to the genetic code.

Answer:

• Mitochondria: Produces ATP (energy) for the cell via cellular respiration.
• Vacoule: Stores substances (water, nutrients, waste), maintains turgor (plant) or stores/digests (animal).
• Nucleus: Controls cell activities, stores DNA, regulates growth/reproduction.
• Ribosomes: Synthesizes proteins by translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.