Question

what is the function of an enzyme, and why are they called catalysts? what factors could cause an enzyme to denature?

Explanation:

Enzymes are biological macromolecules (usually proteins) that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur. Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction. Enzymes fit this definition as they are not used up during the reactions they facilitate.

Enzymes can denature (lose their functional shape) due to several factors. High temperatures can disrupt the weak bonds (such as hydrogen bonds) that maintain the enzyme's three - dimensional structure. Extreme pH values (either too acidic or too basic) can also disrupt these bonds. Heavy metal ions can bind to the enzyme and alter its structure.

Answer:

• Function of an enzyme: Speed up chemical reactions in living organisms by lowering activation energy.
• Why called catalysts: They increase reaction rate without being consumed.
• Factors causing denaturation: High temperature, extreme pH, heavy metal ions.