Question

what contributes to the nature of soil as an ecosystem? combination of biotic and abiotic factors the lack of air and water in the soil the absence of living organisms

Explanation:

An ecosystem is composed of biotic (living organisms) and abiotic (non - living components like air, water, minerals) factors. Soil has both. Lack of air/water (abiotic) or absence of living organisms (biotic) would not make it an ecosystem.

Answer:

combination of biotic and abiotic factors