Question

what contributes to the nature of soil as an ecosystem? combination of biotic and abiotic factors the lack of air and water in the soil the absence of living organisms

Explanation:

An ecosystem is composed of biotic (living) and abiotic (non - living) components. Soil as an ecosystem has living organisms like earthworms, bacteria (biotic) and non - living elements like minerals, air, water (abiotic). The option "the lack of air and water in the soil" is incorrect as air and water are important abiotic factors in soil. The option "the absence of living organisms" is wrong because living organisms are a key part of the soil ecosystem.

Answer:

combination of biotic and abiotic factors