Question

what was the commercial revolution?
the replacement of colonialism with mercantilism
the decrease in global trade between europe, the americas, and africa
a trade war between european countries following the colonization of the new world
an enormous change in the rules of commerce due to the columbian exchange

Explanation:

The Commercial Revolution was a period of significant changes in trade, banking, and business practices, driven by the Columbian Exchange (new goods, resources, and trade routes between Europe, Americas, Africa, Asia) and European colonial expansion. Let's analyze the options:

• Option 1 (replacement of colonialism with mercantilism): Incorrect, mercantilism was associated with colonialism, not replacing it.
• Option 2 (decrease in global trade): Incorrect, the Commercial Revolution saw an increase in global trade.
• Option 3 (trade war between European countries): Not the core definition; it was about systemic commercial changes, not a war.
• Option 4 (enormous change in commerce due to Columbian Exchange): Correct. The Columbian Exchange introduced new crops, goods, and trade networks, revolutionizing European and global commerce (e.g., new markets, mercantilist policies, joint - stock companies).

Answer:

the bottom - most option: an enormous change in the rules of commerce due to the Columbian Exchange