Question

warm - up: enzymes (4)

1. what function do enzymes perform inside of living organisms?

a carrying the genetic code
b increasing the rate of reactions
c storing energy for the cell
d emitting high energy radiation

1. based on their function, enzymes are considered to be biological -

a inhibitors
b catalysts
c organisms
d precursors

1. why does there have to be so many unique enzymes within a single cell?

a cells do not regulate enzyme production
b enzymes only attach to a specific substrate
c enzymes cannot be used multiple times
d cells often translate enzymes incorrectly

1. enzymes are constructed from which of the following subunits?

a monosaccharides
b vinyl groups
c nucleotides
d amino acids

1. digestive enzymes specifically direct reactions in which large molecules are -

a directed through the cell membrane
b used to absorb harmful toxins
c constructed from their monomers
d broken apart into simpler units

1. enzymes catalyze reactions in cells because they -

a increase the reactivity of the reactants in a chemical process
b reduce the number of substances needed for a reaction to occur
c lower the activation energy needed to initiate the reaction
d raise the temperature of the cytoplasm within the cell

1. the role of enzymes in the cell is best summarized by which of the following statements?

a enzymes transmit information between cells.
b they regulate the rate at which processes occur in the cell.
c enzymes contain the instruction for making the cells proteins.
d they produce the nutrients needed for metabolic processes.

1. enzymes are a specific form of -

a fatty acid
b protein
c carbohydrate
d nucleic acid

1. peroxidase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in cells. it accomplishes this because of its structure. what part of the enzyme is involved in catalytic activity?

a binding pocket
b pleated sheet
c active site
d quaternary structure

Explanation:

1. Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of reactions in living organisms. They do not carry the genetic code (that's DNA), store energy for the cell (that's ATP or other molecules), or emit high - energy radiation.
2. Based on their function of speeding up reactions, enzymes are considered biological catalysts. Inhibitors slow down reactions, organisms are living entities, and precursors are substances from which other substances are formed.
3. There are many unique enzymes in a single cell because enzymes only attach to a specific substrate, so different substrates require different enzymes. Cells do regulate enzyme production, enzymes can be used multiple times, and cells do not often translate enzymes incorrectly.
4. Enzymes are proteins, and proteins are constructed from amino acids. Monosaccharides are building blocks of carbohydrates, vinyl groups are not building blocks of enzymes, and nucleotides are building blocks of nucleic acids.
5. Digestive enzymes break down large molecules into simpler units. They are not involved in directing through the cell membrane, absorbing harmful toxins, or constructing large molecules from monomers.
6. Enzymes catalyze reactions because they lower the activation energy needed to initiate the reaction. They do not increase the reactivity of reactants in the way described, reduce the number of reactants, or raise the temperature of the cytoplasm.
7. The role of enzymes is to regulate the rate at which processes occur in the cell. They do not transmit information between cells, contain instructions for making proteins (that's DNA), or produce nutrients for metabolic processes.
8. Enzymes are a specific form of protein. They are not fatty acids, carbohydrates, or nucleic acids.
9. The part of the enzyme involved in catalytic activity is the active site. The binding pocket is related but not the most accurate term for the catalytic part, pleated sheet is a secondary structure element, and quaternary structure is the overall structure of a multi - subunit enzyme and not directly related to the catalytic activity site.

Answer:

1. B. Increasing the rate of reactions
2. B. catalysts
3. B. Enzymes only attach to a specific substrate
4. D. Amino acids
5. D. broken apart into simpler units
6. B. reduce the number of energy needed to initiate the reaction
7. B. They regulate the rate at which processes occur in the cell.
8. B. protein
9. C. Active site