Question

a volcanic eruption destroys an ecosystem and only leaves hard lava rock behind. what type of succession will take place first? tertiary development secondary osmosis primary succession

Explanation:

Primary succession occurs in lifeless areas (like after a volcanic eruption leaving bare rock). There's no soil initially. Pioneer species (like lichens) start the process. Tertiary development isn't a standard ecological succession term. Secondary osmosis is a biological process (not related to succession). Secondary succession occurs in areas where a disturbance (like fire) removes vegetation but leaves soil. Here, it's a new, barren area (hard lava rock), so primary succession is first.

Answer:

C. primary succession