Question

the united states has a dual court system, which means that every person has access to two court systems: state and federal. once a case enters either the state or federal system, it stays in that system as it makes its way through appeals, but while these systems largely operate independently of one another, they are not totally separate.
look at the diagram of the dual court system. then follow the instructions below.
diagram of dual court system with federal and state courts and appeal/remand arrows
according to the diagram, in which ways could a case move through the dual court system? select two.
a case is appealed from a state trial court to a u.s. court of appeals.
a case is remanded from the u.s. supreme court to a u.s. court of appeals.
a case is appealed from a state court of last resort to the u.s. supreme court.
a case is remanded from a state court of last resort to a u.s. district court.

Explanation:

1. Analyze Option 1: The diagram shows that state cases generally move within the state system or can appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court (not directly to U.S. courts of appeals from state trial courts). So this is incorrect.
2. Analyze Option 2: The diagram has a remand arrow from U.S. Supreme Court to U.S. courts of appeals, so this is valid.
3. Analyze Option 3: The diagram has an appeal arrow from state court of last resort to U.S. Supreme Court, so this is valid.
4. Analyze Option 4: There is no remand arrow from state court of last resort to U.S. district court in the diagram, so this is incorrect.

Answer:

B. A case is remanded from the U.S. Supreme Court to a U.S. court of appeals, C. A case is appealed from a state court of last resort to the U.S. Supreme Court