Question

a teacher records the number of hours students spend studying and their corresponding test scores. the data is plotted as follows. which term best describes the data point (4.0, 42)?

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze the scatter - plot

In a scatter - plot of study hours (independent variable) vs test scores (dependent variable), we look at the position of the data point \((4.0,42)\).

Step2: Define outlier

An outlier is a data point that lies an abnormal distance from other values in a random sample from a population. A cluster is a group of data points that are close to each other. A gap is an area in the data - plot with no data points. A peak is a local maximum in the data distribution (not relevant here as it's a scatter - plot).
The data point \((4.0,42)\) is far from the general trend (where other points seem to follow a certain pattern of higher study hours corresponding to higher scores in a more clustered way).

Answer:

Outlier