Question

study guide
key concepts fill - in - the - blank: use the word bank to fill in the sentences.
word bank: aerobic | atp | calvin cycle | carbon dioxide | chloroplast | cytoplasm | glucose | glycolysis | mitochondria | nadph | oxygen
photosynthesis occurs in the ______________________ of plant cells and uses sunlight to convert ____________________ ____________________ and water into ______________________ and oxygen.
______________________ respiration occurs in the ____________________ and breaks down glucose with ____________________ to produce ______________________, which is used as energy for the cell.
______________________ is the first stage of cellular respiration, breaking down glucose into pyruvate in the ______________________ of cells.
the ______________________ ____________________ is a series of reactions in photosynthesis that converts co₂ into glucose, while the light - dependent reaction produces oxygen and energy carriers like atp and ______________________.
matching match the process on the left with the correct location on the right.
a. light reactions ________________________ mitochondria (inner membrane)
b. photosynthesis ________________________ thylakoid
c. glycolysis ________________________ cytoplasm
d. aerobic respiration ________________________ mitochondria (matrix)
e. calvin cycle ________________________ stroma
f. krebs cycle ________________________ chloroplast
g. electron transport chain ________________________ mitochondria
diagram labeling
label the photosynthesis diagram using the provided word bank.
word bank:
adp
atp
nadp+
nadph
oxygen
carbon dioxide
water
glucose
chloroplast
calvin cycle
light reactions

Explanation:

• Fill - in - the - Blank:
• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast of plant cells. It uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Chloroplasts are the organelles where photosynthesis takes place. Carbon dioxide is taken in from the atmosphere, water is absorbed by the roots, and through the process of photosynthesis, glucose (a sugar) is produced as an energy - rich molecule and oxygen is released as a by - product.
• Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria. It breaks down glucose with oxygen to produce ATP. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. In aerobic respiration, glucose is oxidized in the presence of oxygen, and the energy released is used to synthesize ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the cell's energy currency.
• Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. It breaks down glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm of cells. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process (does not require oxygen) that occurs in the cell's cytoplasm and is the initial step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
• The Calvin cycle is a series of reactions in photosynthesis that converts \(CO_2\) into glucose. The light - dependent reaction produces oxygen and energy carriers like ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle, also known as the dark reaction (though it can occur in the light), uses the ATP and NADPH from the light - dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide into glucose.
• Matching:
• A. Light reactions: Thylakoid. The light reactions of photosynthesis occur on the thylakoid membranes (including the thylakoid lumen and the thylakoid membrane itself) where light is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments, and water is split to produce oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.
• B. Photosynthesis: Chloroplast. Photosynthesis as a whole process (including both light - dependent and light - independent reactions) occurs within the chloroplast. The chloroplast has the necessary structures (thylakoids for light reactions and stroma for the Calvin cycle) to carry out photosynthesis.
• C. Glycolysis: Cytoplasm. As mentioned earlier, glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration and occurs in the cell's cytoplasm.
• D. Aerobic Respiration: Mitochondria. Aerobic respiration (including the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain) occurs in the mitochondria. The mitochondria have the enzymes and structures (such as the inner membrane for the electron transport chain) to complete the oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen.
• E. Calvin Cycle: Stroma. The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast. The stroma is a fluid - filled space that contains the enzymes needed to fix carbon dioxide and synthesize glucose.
• F. Kreb’s Cycle: Mitochondria (Matrix). The Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle) occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Acetyl - CoA (from the breakdown of pyruvate) enters the cycle, and through a series of reactions, carbon dioxide is released and energy carriers (NADH and FADH2) are produced.
• G. Electron Transport Chain: Mitochondria (Inner Membrane). The electron transport chain is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here, the energy from NADH and FADH2 is used to pump protons across the membrane, creating a proton gradient that is used to synthesize ATP via ATP synthase.

Answer:

• Fill - in - the - Blank:
• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast of plant cells and uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
• Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria and breaks down glucose with oxygen to produce ATP, which is used as energy for the cell.
• Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, breaking down glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm of cells.
• The Calvin cycle is a series of reactions in photosynthesis that converts \(CO_2\) into glucose, while the light - dependent reaction produces oxygen and energy carriers like ATP and NADPH.
• Matching:
• A. Light reactions: Thylakoid
• B. Photosynthesis: Chloroplast
• C. Glycolysis: Cytoplasm
• D. Aerobic Respiration: Mitochondria
• E. Calvin Cycle: Stroma
• F. Kreb’s Cycle: Mitochondria (Matrix)
• G. Electron Transport Chain: Mitochondria (Inner Membrane)