Question

student workbook for use with chapter 5 section 3 text pages 130-141 understanding birth defects directions: match the descriptions in the left-hand column to the birth defects listed in the right-hand column. write the letter of the correct answer in the blank to the left of each description. descriptions birth defects c 1. an extra chromosome 21 usually causes both mental retardation and abnormal physical characteristics. a. cerebral palsy b. cystic fibrosis c. down syndrome d. low birth weight e. muscular dystrophy f. pku g. sickle-cell anemia h. spina bifida i. tay-sachs disease j. cleft lip or palate 2. gap in upper lip or palate, causes problems with eating, speech; correctable with surgery. 3. death at age two or three is caused by the body’s inability to process and use fat. 4. weakness and shrinking of the muscles, which can lead to death from infection. 5. defects of the respiratory and digestive systems, which can lead to death before adulthood. 6. malformed red blood cells interfere with the supply of oxygen to the body, causing tiredness and pain. 7. the body is unable to process and use a specific protein; mental retardation can result. 8. a motor system disorder caused by brain damage at birth. 9. an incompletely formed spinal cord, which causes partial paralysis. __ 10. may be caused by poor prenatal care or a medical condition in the mother.

Explanation:

1. Down syndrome (C) is caused by an extra chromosome 21, leading to mental retardation and abnormal physical traits.
2. Cleft lip or palate (J) is a gap in the upper lip/palate, with eating/speech issues and surgical correction.
3. Tay - Sachs disease (I) causes death around age 2 - 3 due to inability to process fat.
4. Muscular dystrophy (E) involves muscle weakness/shrinking, leading to death from infection.
5. Cystic fibrosis (B) affects respiratory and digestive systems, leading to death before adulthood.
6. Sickle - cell anemia (G) has malformed red blood cells interfering with oxygen supply.
7. PKU (F) is when the body can't process a specific protein, leading to mental retardation.
8. Cerebral palsy (A) is a motor system disorder from birth - related brain damage.
9. Spina bifida (H) is an incompletely formed spinal cord, causing partial paralysis.
10. Low birth weight (D) can result from poor prenatal care or maternal medical conditions.

Answer:

1. C
2. J
3. I
4. E
5. B
6. G
7. F
8. A
9. H
10. D