Question

student name: multiple choice - choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. the is all of the genetic material of a cell.

a) chromosome
b) plasmid
c) prophage
d) genome
e) proteome

1. the expression of genetic traits is the

a) genome
b) genotype
c) proteome
d) phenotype
e) prototype

1. the dna of microorganisms is made up of subunits called

a) histones
b) amino acids
c) nucleotides
d) mrna
e) polymerases

1. which is incorrect about purines?

a) only found in dna, not in rna
b) are nitrogenous bases
c) always paired with a specific pyrimidine
d) include adenine and guanine
e) found within nucleotides

1. the antiparallel arrangement within dna molecules refers to

a) each base bonding at the 1 position of the sugar
b) a purine always bonding to a pyrimidine
c) one helix strand that runs from the 5 to 3 direction and the other strand runs from direction
d) an original parent dna strand and one newly synthesized dna strand compris dna molecule
e) none of the choices are correct.

Explanation:

1. The genome is defined as all of the genetic material of a cell. A chromosome is a structure within the cell that contains DNA. A plasmid is a small, circular DNA molecule in bacteria. A prophage is viral DNA integrated into bacterial DNA. A proteome is the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell.
2. The phenotype is the expression of genetic traits. The genome is the genetic material. The genotype is the genetic makeup. The proteome is the set of proteins. There is no such term as proteotype in this context.
3. DNA is made up of nucleotides. Histones are proteins associated with DNA in eukaryotes. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. mRNA is a type of RNA. Polymerases are enzymes that synthesize DNA or RNA.
4. Purines (adenine and guanine) are found in both DNA and RNA. They are nitrogenous bases, always paired with a specific pyrimidine (adenine with thymine/uracil, guanine with cytosine), and are part of nucleotides.
5. The antiparallel arrangement in DNA means one strand runs from 5' to 3' and the other from 3' to 5'. Each base bonding at the 1' position of the sugar refers to how bases are attached to the sugar - phosphate backbone. A purine always bonding to a pyrimidine is about base - pairing rules. An original parent DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand is about semi - conservative replication.

Answer:

1. D. genome
2. D. phenotype
3. C. nucleotides
4. A. Only found in DNA, not in RNA
5. C. one helix strand that runs from the 5' to 3' direction and the other strand runs from 3' to 5' direction