Question

a student argues that being separated geographically is the only way for speciation to occur. why is he wrong?
speciation does not usually rely on geographic isolation.
speciation can occur from biological forces as well.
speciation can occur from variation as well.
speciation does not result from adaptive radiation.

Explanation:

Speciation is the process by which new species form. Geographic isolation is one mechanism (allopatric speciation), but there are others. Sympatric speciation occurs in the same geographic area due to biological factors like changes in chromosome number (polyploidy in plants) or ecological/behavioral differences. So, the student is wrong because speciation isn't only about geographic separation. Variation is part of evolution but not a separate speciation mechanism here. Adaptive radiation is related to speciation but the key point is non - geographic biological forces.

Answer:

Speciation can occur from biological forces as well.