Question

section 4.3, continued
aerobic and anaerobic
cellular respiration

1. how is aerobic respiration best compared or contrasted to fermentation?

a both require oxygen, but they produce the same amount of energy.
b aerobic respiration converts chemical potential energy into atp, but fermentation does not.
c fermentation does not require glucose, but aerobic respiration does.
d aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more energy.

1. humans can undergo either aerobic or anaerobic respiration. choose the two activities below where you would

expect human muscle cells to undergo anaerobic respiration.
a slow, steady walking
b sprinting
c studying
d weight lifting
e concentrating on a test
f grocery shopping

Explanation:

Question 11

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Option A: Aerobic respiration needs oxygen and fermentation (anaerobic) doesn't, so they don't produce the same energy. Eliminate A.
• Option B: Both aerobic respiration and fermentation (anaerobic) convert chemical energy (from glucose) into ATP. Aerobic is more efficient, but fermentation still produces ATP (e.g., lactic acid fermentation or alcoholic fermentation). Wait, no—actually, fermentation is anaerobic and does produce ATP (but less than aerobic). Wait, the option says "Aerobic respiration converts chemical potential energy into ATP, but fermentation does not." That's incorrect because fermentation does produce ATP (2 per glucose vs 36 - 38 for aerobic). Wait, maybe I misread. Wait, the options: Let's re - check. Option C: Fermentation does require glucose (it breaks down glucose). So C is wrong. Option D: Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces much more ATP (energy) than fermentation (anaerobic). So D is correct.

Aerobic respiration is for long - duration, low - intensity activities (uses oxygen), anaerobic is for short - duration, high - intensity (doesn't use oxygen much).

• Option A (slow, steady walking): Low intensity, long duration—aerobic.
• Option B (sprinting): High intensity, short duration—anaerobic.
• Option C (studying): Not a physical activity with muscle respiration focus.
• Option D (weight lifting): High intensity, short duration—anaerobic.
• Option E (concentrating on a test): Not a physical activity.
• Option F (grocery shopping): Can be low intensity, but the question asks for two activities. Wait, the question says "Choose the two activities". Wait, the options: A is aerobic, B and D are anaerobic. Wait, the question: "Humans can undergo either aerobic or anaerobic respiration. Choose the two activities below where you would expect human muscle cells to undergo anaerobic respiration." Anaerobic respiration is used in short, intense activities. Sprinting (B) and weight lifting (D) are short, intense—so muscle cells use anaerobic here. Slow walking (A) is aerobic. Studying (C), concentrating (E), grocery shopping (F) are not intense muscle activities. So the two anaerobic activities are sprinting and weight lifting. But the question says "choose the two activities"—so B and D. But maybe the question is to pick two, so B (sprinting) and D (weight lifting) are anaerobic.

Answer:

D. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more energy.

Question 12