Question

scientists noticed that there are more manta rays near coastlines with native forests than near coconut palm forests. coconut palms grow where people removed native forests. a simple food web shows how seabirds (which nest in native forests and eat fish) help connect land and ocean ecosystems.

1. which organisms do both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

(a) native plants and phytoplankton
(b) native plants and zooplankton
(c) phytoplankton and zooplankton
(d) zooplankton and manta rays

1. in the food web, which organism is a producer?

(a) seabird
(b) manta ray
(c) zooplankton
(d) phytoplankton

1. how could you change the diagram to show how photosynthesis and respiration move carbon between the air, water, land, and living things?

Explanation:

1. For Question 1:

• Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration:
• Photosynthesis is a process that converts light energy into chemical energy, and it occurs in autotrophs (organisms that can produce their own food). Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down glucose to release energy, and it occurs in all living cells.
• Analysis of Options:
• Option A: Native plants and phytoplankton are autotrophs. Native plants perform photosynthesis using chlorophyll in their leaves, and phytoplankton (microscopic plants in the ocean) also perform photosynthesis. Both native plants and phytoplankton have mitochondria and perform cellular respiration.
• Option B: Zooplankton are heterotrophs (they cannot produce their own food). They obtain energy by consuming other organisms. So, zooplankton do not perform photosynthesis.
• Option C: Zooplankton are heterotrophs and do not perform photosynthesis.
• Option D: Zooplankton and manta rays are heterotrophs. Manta rays are large fish that consume zooplankton and other small organisms. They do not perform photosynthesis.

1. For Question 2:

• Producers in a Food Web:
• Producers are organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. In a food web, producers form the base of the food chain.
• Analysis of Options:
• Option A: Seabirds are consumers. They eat fish (which are also consumers). Seabirds do not produce their own food.
• Option B: Manta rays are consumers. They eat zooplankton and other small organisms.
• Option C: Zooplankton are consumers. They eat phytoplankton.
• Option D: Phytoplankton are producers. They use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose through photosynthesis.

Answer:

1. A. Native plants and phytoplankton
2. D. Phytoplankton