Question

1. scientific investigations begin with
2. a logical interpretation based on what scientists already know is called an
3. a hypothesis is a tentative that can be tested.
4. in a controlled experiment, all are kept constant except the one being tested.
5. the variable that is deliberately changed is called the: variable.

the one that changes in response is the: variable.

1. a control group is exposed to the same except for the variable being tested.
2. type of data that involves counting or measuring:

type of data that describes characteristics that cant be measured:

1. why do scientists try to use large sample sizes?
2. data analysis can support or the hypothesis being tested.
3. when are hypotheses tested by field observations?
4. a describes a well - tested explanation for a range of phenomena.
5. what theory is the central organizing principle of biology?
6. plan an investigation to test the effect of water temperature on goldfish respiration. sketch your design below and identify the independent and dependent variables.

Explanation:

1. Scientific investigations start with observations.
2. An inference is a logical interpretation based on prior - knowledge.
3. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested.
4. In a controlled experiment, all variables are kept constant except the one being tested.
5. The independent variable is deliberately changed, and the dependent variable changes in response.
6. A control group is exposed to the same conditions except for the variable being tested.
7. Quantitative data involves counting or measuring, and qualitative data describes non - measurable characteristics.
8. Larger sample sizes reduce the impact of random variation and increase the reliability of results.
9. Data analysis can support or reject a hypothesis.
10. Hypotheses are tested by field observations when it is not possible or ethical to conduct laboratory experiments.
11. A theory is a well - tested explanation for a range of phenomena.
12. The cell theory is a central organizing principle of biology.
13. For the investigation on goldfish respiration: Independent variable is water temperature; Dependent variable is goldfish respiration rate. Design: Set up multiple aquariums with different water temperatures, keep other factors (such as water quality, tank size) constant, and count the gill movements of goldfish as an indicator of respiration rate.

Answer:

1. Observations
2. Inference
3. Explanation
4. Variables
5. Independent; Dependent
6. Conditions
7. Quantitative data; Qualitative data
8. To reduce the impact of random variation and increase reliability of results
9. Reject
10. When it is not possible or ethical to conduct laboratory experiments
11. Theory
12. Cell theory
13. Independent variable: Water temperature; Dependent variable: Goldfish respiration rate. Design: Set up multiple aquariums with different water temperatures, keep other factors (such as water quality, tank size) constant, and count the gill movements of goldfish as an indicator of respiration rate.