Question

researchers wanted to determine whether the mmr vaccine was associated with autism. they recruited children with autism ages 5 - 7 residing in 5 south carolina counties. controls were children recruited from elementary schools in the same 5 counties who were of similar age and did not have autism. vaccination histories for all participants were obtained using medical records. data from the study are shown below. calculate the odds ratio and round to 2 decimal points.

Explanation:

Step1: Recall the formula for odds ratio

The formula for odds ratio (OR) is \(OR=\frac{(a\times d)}{(b\times c)}\), where \(a\) is the number of cases with exposure (autism and received MMR), \(b\) is the number of controls with exposure (no - autism and received MMR), \(c\) is the number of cases without exposure (autism and did not receive MMR), and \(d\) is the number of controls without exposure (no - autism and did not receive MMR). Here, \(a = 51\), \(b=99\), \(c = 9\), \(d = 17\).

Step2: Substitute the values into the formula

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Step3: Calculate the value

\(OR=\frac{867}{891}\approx0.97\)

Answer:

\(0.97\)