Question

redundancy
an effective sentence contains only those words necessary to express the main idea. any words or phrases that do not add to meaning are redundant. the best sentences are never too wordy; they are concise and to the point.
redundant sentence:
the bracelet which is made of solid silver was made by an artist in mexico.
concise sentence:
the solid silver bracelet was made by a mexican artist.
notice that eliminating extra words makes the sentence easier to read and understand.
a. read each sentence carefully. then rewrite it on the line, eliminating repetition and redundancy. hint: look for unnecessary synonyms or definitions and phrases that can be shortened to one word.

1. school starts at 8:00 a.m. in the morning and ends at 3:00 p.m. in the afternoon.
2. the little child called rafaei is a preschool student.
3. trimming and pruning trees can be done during any season of the year.
4. the bike that belongs to henry has a broken chain that must be replaced.
5. do you ever think back and reminisce about your former childhood?
6. a girl who is from germany lives next door to my house.

Explanation:

1. "A.M." already indicates morning and "P.M." already indicates afternoon, so we can remove "in the morning" and "in the afternoon".
2. "Little" and "child" are somewhat redundant as "child" already implies a young person. Also, we can make it more concise by using the name as the subject.
3. "Trimming" and "pruning" are synonyms, so we can use one of them. Also, "of the year" is redundant as "any season" already implies within a year.
4. We can use the possessive form "Henry's" to make it more concise instead of "that belongs to Henry".
5. "Think back" and "reminisce" are synonyms. Also, "former" is redundant with "childhood" as childhood is a past stage.
6. We can use the adjective "German" instead of "who is from Germany" and "next - door" instead of "next door to my house".

Answer:

1. School starts at 8:00 A.M. and ends at 3:00 P.M.
2. Rafi is a preschool student.
3. Trimming (or Pruning) trees can be done during any season.
4. Henry's bike has a broken chain that must be replaced.
5. Do you ever reminisce about your childhood?
6. A German girl lives next - door.