Question

2.2.2 quiz: origins of genetic variation
a. conjugation allows for the transfer of genes into new cells.
b. fertilization produces new combinations of alleles in offspring as gametes from two individuals combine.
c. crossing over produces new combinations of alleles that are passed to offspring.
d. independent assortment produces random combinations of chromosomes that are passed to offspring.

Explanation:

The image shows chromosomes exchanging segments (crossing - over) during meiosis. Crossing - over occurs in prophase I of meiosis. Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material. This results in new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes. These recombined chromosomes are then passed on to the gametes (and eventually to offspring if fertilization occurs).

• Option A: Conjugation is a process in bacteria (not related to the meiotic process shown in the image).
• Option B: Fertilization combines gametes from two individuals, but the image focuses on events within meiosis (not the combination of gametes).
• Option D: Independent assortment is about the random alignment of chromosome pairs during metaphase I of meiosis (not shown as the main event in the image). The image clearly depicts crossing - over (exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes).

Answer:

C. Crossing over produces new combinations of alleles that are passed to offspring.