Question

2.1 - 2.4 quiz

1. historians who argue that there was substantial global integration by the end of the thirteenth century would most likely cite which of the following as evidence to support their claim?

(a) the political unification of large territories under imperial rule in the mediterranean and east asia
(b) the widening and deepening of exchange networks linking afro - eurasia after the mongol conquests
(c) the spread of global epidemics from east asia to africa and southwest asia
(d) the creation of a vast islamic trade system based on plantation economies in the caribbean and the americas
throughout history, central asia has provided the steppe land environment in which brotherhoods with names like huns, bulgars, avars, khazars, pechenegs, polovtsians, cumans, mongols, and turks flourished. the names of some of these brotherhoods - huns, bulgars, avars - have become famous in european history as the names of invaders of europe. others, like the pechenegs, cumans, and mongols, were in the long run unsuccessful in their conquests, incorporating them with the peoples of settled life, falling apart, though, and assimilating their cultures. only their fiery start after crossing the culturally stratified eurasian - permian border into europe and the near east enabled them to adopt civilization and process its agrarian surplus.
*capital cities of various chinese dynasties
*capital cities of various persian dynasties
source: g. vernadsky, history of central asia, the empire of the steppe: a history of central asia, 1939

1. which of the following demonstrates the assimilation of nomadic conquerors into conquered societies during the period circa 1250 - 1450?

(a) the rulers of the mali empire converting to islam through the influence of north african merchants and missionaries
(b) the rulers of the yuan dynasty adopting chinese court culture and methods of rule
(c) trading states in southeast asia such as the khmer and srivijaya empires adopting syncretic hindu - buddhist practices
(d) persian, persian, and indian artisans expanding their output because of a rising demand for luxury goods in afro - eurasia
chinese scroll painting circa 1280 commissioned by khubilai khan of the mongol yuan dynasty of china

Explanation:

1. Analyze each option for evidence of increased global integration by 1500. Option A shows increased trade - related global connection in the Mediterranean and East Asia due to the Mongol rule. Option B shows cultural and trade connections between Europe and Asia. Option C shows the spread of global epidemics. Option D is about the development of an Atlantic trade system which was emerging by 1500. All these show aspects of increased global integration.
2. Assimilation means adopting the culture and ways of the conquered society. The Yuan dynasty rulers adopting Chinese court culture and methods of rule is an example of nomadic conquerors (Mongols) assimilating into the conquered Chinese society.

Answer:

1. All of the above options (A - D) could support the claim of increased global integration by the end of the 15th century.
2. B. The rulers of the Yuan dynasty adopting Chinese court culture and methods of rule.