Question

question 8
sources of genetic variation that occur during meiosis are:
dna replication errors during metaphase i
all of the above
crossing over and independent assortment of homologous pairs
frameshift mutations
crossing over and random synapsis of non - homologous chromosomes

Explanation:

• DNA replication errors during metaphase I: DNA replication occurs before meiosis (in the S - phase of interphase), not during metaphase I. So this option is incorrect.
• Frameshift mutations: These are mutations that occur due to insertions or deletions of nucleotides in the DNA sequence. They are not a normal source of genetic variation during meiosis.
• Crossing over and random synapsis of non - homologous chromosomes: Synapsis occurs between homologous chromosomes, not non - homologous chromosomes.
• Crossing over and independent assortment of homologous pairs:
• Crossing over: During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This leads to new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes.
• Independent assortment: During metaphase I, homologous chromosome pairs align randomly at the metaphase plate. The way one pair aligns does not affect the alignment of other pairs. This results in different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the gametes.

Answer:

crossing over and independent assortment of homologous pairs