Question

question 4
1 pts
the lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. the two most important
functions of this system are
o fluid balance and waste removal.
o fluid balance and immunity.
o immunity and waste removal.
o waste removal and gas exchange.
question 5
1 pts
the ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles is called
o pinocytosis.
o exocytosis.
o apedesis.
o phagocytosis.
question 6
1 pts
which of these substances operate(s) immune mechanisms?
o sebum
o mucus
o enzymes
o hydrochloric acid in gastric mucosa
o all of the above

Explanation:

• Question 4: The lymphatic system has two main functions. It helps in maintaining fluid balance by collecting excess interstitial fluid and returning it to the bloodstream. It also plays a crucial role in immunity as it houses immune cells (like lymphocytes) and is involved in the immune response (e.g., filtering pathogens in lymph nodes). Waste removal is more associated with the excretory system (e.g., kidneys), and gas exchange is a function of the respiratory system.
• Question 5: Phagocytosis is the process where cells (like macrophages) ingest and destroy microorganisms or other small particles. Pinocytosis is the uptake of liquid into a cell. Exocytosis is the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell. Apedesis (also known as diapedesis) is the movement of cells (e.g., white blood cells) through the capillary walls into the tissues.
• Question 6:
• Sebum: It has antimicrobial properties (e.g., helps prevent microbial over - growth on the skin).
• Mucus: Traps pathogens in the respiratory and digestive tracts.
• Enzymes: For example, lysozyme (in saliva, tears) can break down bacterial cell walls.
• Hydrochloric acid in gastric mucosa: Kills many pathogens that enter the stomach.

Since all of these substances contribute to immune mechanisms (either as physical/chemical barriers or having direct antimicrobial actions), the answer is “all of the above”.

Answer:

• Question 4: fluid balance and immunity.
• Question 5: phagocytosis.
• Question 6: all of the above.